Enhancing germination and early seedling growth of Malaysian indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) using hormonal priming with gibberellic acid (GA3)

Rasyid Sukifto; Rosimah Nulit; Yap Chee Kong; Noorhazira Sidek; Siti Nuratiqah Mahadi; Nurfatiha Mustafa; Roslinda A. Razak; Rasyid Sukifto; Rosimah Nulit; Yap Chee Kong; Noorhazira Sidek; Siti Nuratiqah Mahadi; Nurfatiha Mustafa; Roslinda A. Razak

doi:10.3934/agrfood.2020.4.649

AIMS Agriculture and Food

2020, Volume 5, Issue 4: 649-665. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2020.4.649

Previous Article Next Article

Research article

Enhancing germination and early seedling growth of Malaysian indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) using hormonal priming with gibberellic acid (GA₃)

1.
Labaratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2.
Biotechnology & Nanotechnology Research Center, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 13 July 2020 Accepted: 07 September 2020 Published: 30 September 2020

A common practice to enhance seed quality for direct seeding of rice is priming under unfavorable designated conditions. This study aims to increase germination performance and early seedling growth of the MR219 rice by determining optimum priming times and ideal concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA₃). Seeds were primed with GA₃ in concentrations ranging from 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L for 12 and 18 hours separately, and unprimed seeds served as control. The germination test was measured using a completely randomized design (CRD); meanwhile, pot cultivation was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) for four weeks. In germination studies, it was found that seeds primed with GA₃ for 12 hours at 60 mg/L significantly enhanced the germination performance, and early seedling growth of MR219 compared to unprimed seeds. The primed seeds had a germination percentage between 90-100%, increased seed vigor and germination indexes 3-fold and 2-fold respectively, and reduced the mean germination time by 24 hours. Correspondingly, in pot cultivation, the establishment and early seedling growth of primed MR219 was significantly increased as the seedling height, and total fresh weight was two times higher than unprimed seedlings. In addition, the biochemical attributes of GA₃ primed seedlings, including total soluble sugar, carbohydrate, and total soluble protein, were significantly increased by 2-, 1.6- and 4-folds, respectively, compared to unprimed seedlings. Priming MR219 seeds with GA₃ at 60 mg/L for 12 hours was found to significantly enhance the germination performance and early seedling growth in pot cultivation of direct-seeded rice as it promoted vigorous seedling growth of the MR219 rice cultivar.
- early seedling growth,
- germination,
- hormonal priming,
- gibberellic acid,
- Oryza sativa
Citation: Rasyid Sukifto, Rosimah Nulit, Yap Chee Kong, Noorhazira Sidek, Siti Nuratiqah Mahadi, Nurfatiha Mustafa, Roslinda A. Razak. Enhancing germination and early seedling growth of Malaysian indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) using hormonal priming with gibberellic acid (GA3)[J]. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2020, 5(4): 649-665. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2020.4.649

Related Papers:

Abstract

A common practice to enhance seed quality for direct seeding of rice is priming under unfavorable designated conditions. This study aims to increase germination performance and early seedling growth of the MR219 rice by determining optimum priming times and ideal concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA₃). Seeds were primed with GA₃ in concentrations ranging from 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L for 12 and 18 hours separately, and unprimed seeds served as control. The germination test was measured using a completely randomized design (CRD); meanwhile, pot cultivation was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) for four weeks. In germination studies, it was found that seeds primed with GA₃ for 12 hours at 60 mg/L significantly enhanced the germination performance, and early seedling growth of MR219 compared to unprimed seeds. The primed seeds had a germination percentage between 90-100%, increased seed vigor and germination indexes 3-fold and 2-fold respectively, and reduced the mean germination time by 24 hours. Correspondingly, in pot cultivation, the establishment and early seedling growth of primed MR219 was significantly increased as the seedling height, and total fresh weight was two times higher than unprimed seedlings. In addition, the biochemical attributes of GA₃ primed seedlings, including total soluble sugar, carbohydrate, and total soluble protein, were significantly increased by 2-, 1.6- and 4-folds, respectively, compared to unprimed seedlings. Priming MR219 seeds with GA₃ at 60 mg/L for 12 hours was found to significantly enhance the germination performance and early seedling growth in pot cultivation of direct-seeded rice as it promoted vigorous seedling growth of the MR219 rice cultivar.

References

[1]	Bellemare MF (2015) Rising food prices, food price volatility, and social unrest. Am J Agric Econ 97: 1-21.
[2]	FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization): From Rice market monitor, FAO, 2018. Available from: http://www.fao.org/3/I9243EN/i9243en.pdf.
[3]	Koornneef M, Bentsink L, Hilhorst H (2002) Seed dormancy and germination. Curr Opin Plant Biol 5: 33-36.
[4]	Liu QH, Wu X, Ma JQ, et al. (2015) Effects of delaying transplanting on agronomic traits and grain yield of rice under mechanical transplantation pattern. PLoS One 10: e0123330.
[5]	Thomas EV (2002) Development of a mechanism for transplanting rice seedlings. Mech Mach Theory 37: 395-410.
[6]	Malik TH, Baba A, Haji SA, et al. (2017) Rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation in temperate areas of India. IJF 11: 47-56.
[7]	Farooq M, Basra SMA, Rehman H (2006) Seed priming enhances emergence, yield, and quality of direct-seeded rice. Int Rice Res Notes 31: 42-44.
[8]	Matsushima K, Sakagami J (2013) Effects of seed hydropriming on germination and seedling vigor during emergence of rice under different soil moisture conditions. Am J Plant Sci 4: 1584- 1593.
[9]	Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hafeez K (2006) Seed invigoration by osmohardening in coarse and fine rice. Seed Sci Technol 34: 181-187.
[10]	Harris D, Joshi A, Khan PA, et al. (1999) On-farm seed priming in semi-arid agriculture: Development and evaluation in maize, rice and chickpea in India using participatory methods. Exp Agric 35: 15-29.
[11]	Farooq M, Basra SMA, Cheema MA, et al. (2006) Integration of pre-sowing soaking, chilling and heating treatments for vigor enhancement in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Sci Technol 34: 499-506.
[12]	Paparella S, Araújo SS, Rossi G (2015) Seed priming: state of the art and new perspectives. Plant Cell Rep 34: 1281-1293
[13]	Ma H Y, Zhao D D, Ning Q R, et al. (2018) A multi-year beneficial effect of seed priming with gibberellic acid-3 (ga 3) on plant growth and production in a perennial grass, Leymus chinensis. Sci Rep 8: 1-9.
[14]	Skubacz A, Daszkowska-Golec A (2017) Seed dormancy: the complex process regulated by abscisic acid, gibberellins, and other phytohormones that makes seed germination work. In: ElEsawi M. (Ed), Phytohormones: Signaling mechanisms and crosstalk in plant development and stress responses. Rijeka Croatia: In Tech. 77-100.
[15]	Wang X, Liu FL, Jiang D (2017) Priming: a promising strategy for crop production in response to future climate. J Int Agric 16: 2709-2716.
[16]	Aymen, EM (2018) Seed priming with plant growth regulators to improve crop abiotic stress tolerance. In: Rakshit A, Singh H. (Eds), Advances in Seed Priming. Springer, Singapore. 95- 106.
[17]	Talei D, Valdiani A, Maziah M, et al. (2013) Germination response of MR219 rice variety to different exposure times and periods of 2450 MHz microwave frequency. Sci World J 2013.
[18]	Kalhori N, Nulit R, Go R, et al. (2017) Selection, characterizations and somatic embryogenesis of Malaysian salt-tolerant rice (Oryza sativa cv. MR219) through callogenesis. Int J Agric Biol 19: 157-163.
[19]	Farooq M, Irfan M, Aziz T, et al. (2013) Seed priming with ascorbic acid improves drought resistance of wheat. J Agron Crop Sci 199: 12-22.
[20]	Sardoei AS, Mohammadi GA (2014) Study of salinity effect on germination of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum L.) genotypes. Eur J Exp Bio 4: 283-287.
[21]	Maggio A, Raimondi G, Martino A, et al. (2007) Salt stress response in tomato beyond the salinity tolerance threshold. Environ Exp Bot 59: 276-282.
[22]	Abdul-Baki AA, Anderson JD (1973) Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Sci 13: 630-633.
[23]	Kandil AA, Sharief AE, Abido WAE, et al. (2012) Response of some canola cultivars (Brassica napus L.) to salinity stress and its effect on germination and seedling properties. J Crop Sci 3: 95-103.
[24]	Jala A (2011) Effects of different light treatments on the germination of nepenthes mirabilis. Int Trans J Eng Manage Appl Sci Technol 2: 83-91.
[25]	Al-Mudaris MA (1998) Notes on various parameters recording the speed of seed germination. J Agr Rural Dev Trop 99: 147-154.
[26]	Islam MM, Karim MA (2010) Evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes at germination and early seedling stage for their tolerance to salinity. The Agriculturist 8: 57-65.
[27]	Eddy R, Acosta K, Liu Y, et al. (2016) Optimizing Greenhouse Rice Production: What Is the Best Pot Size? Purdue Methods for Rice Growth, Paper 9.
[28]	Hussain I, Ahmad R, Farooq M, et al. (2013) Seed priming improves the performance of poor quality wheat seed. Int J Agric Biol 15: 1343-1348.
[29]	Witham FH, Blaydes DF, Devlin RM (1971) Experiments in Plant Physiology. Van Nostrand, New York. 167-200.
[30]	Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72: 248-254.
[31]	Watanabe S, Kojima K, Ide Y, et al. (2000) Effects of saline and osmotic stress on proline and sugar accumulation in Populus euphratica in vitro. Plant Cell, Tissue Organ Cult 63: 199.
[32]	Kochert G (1978) Carbohydrate determination by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. Handbook of phycological methods, physiological and biochemical methods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 95.
[33]	Pinhero RG, Fletcher RA (1994) Paclobutrazol and ancymidol protect corn seedlings from high and low temperature stresses. Plant Growth Regul 15: 47-53.
[34]	Lutts S, Benincasa P, Wojtyla L, et al. (2016) Seed priming: new comprehensive approaches for an old empirical technique. In: Araú jo S, Balestrazzi A. (Eds), New challenges in seed biology: Basic and translational research driving seed technology. Rijeka Croatia: In Tech. 1-46.
[35]	Aguilar-Benítez G, Peña-Valdivia CB, Vega JR, et al. (2014) Seed germination and early root growth in common bean and maize landraces and improved cultivars at different water stress levels. Int J Appl Sci Technol 4: 118-127.
[36]	Wang W, Chen Q, Hussain S, et al. (2016) Pre-sowing seed treatments in direct-seeded early rice: consequences for emergence, seedling growth and associated metabolic events under chilling stress. Sci Rep 6.
[37]	Al-Tabbal JASM (2017) Germination and physiological traits to ascertain the ability of hormonal priming to improve salinity tolerance in Sorghum bicolor. J Agron 16: 138-146.
[38]	Gubler F, Kalla R, Roberts JK (1995) Gibberellin-regulated expression of a myb gene in barley aleurone cells: evidence for Myb transactivation of a high-pI alpha-amylase gene promoter. Plant Cell 7: 1879-1891.
[39]	Gupta R, Chakrabarty SK (2013) Gibberellic acid in plant: still a mystery unresolved. Plant Signal Behav 8: e25504.
[40]	Wahyuni S, Sinniah UR, Yusop MK (2016) Improvement of seedling establishment of wet seeded rice using GA3 and IBA as seed treatment. Indones J Agric Sci 4: 56-62.
[41]	Imran M, Mahmood A, Römheld V (2013) Nutrient seed priming improves seedling development of maize exposed to low root zone temperatures during early growth. Eur J Agron 49: 141-148.
[42]	Pallardy SG (2010) Physiology of woody plants. Burlington, MA: Academic Press.
[43]	Sardoei AS (2014) Response of application gibberellic acid (GA3) and benzyladenine (BA) to Dizigotheeca elegantissima plants. Int J Adv Biol Biomed Res. 2: 615-621.
[44]	Miceli A, Moncada A, Sabatino L, et al. (2019) Effect of gibberellic acid on growth, yield, and quality of leaf lettuce and rocket grown in a floating system. Agronomy 9: 382.
[45]	Sultemeyer D, Schmidt C, Fock HP (1993) Carbonic anhydrases in higher plants and aquatic microorganisms. Physiol Plant 88: 179-190.
[46]	Hussain S, Zheng M, Khan F (2015) Benefits of rice seed priming are offset permanently by prolonged storage and the storage conditions. Sci Rep 5.
[47]	Khandaker M M, Azam H M, Rosnah J (2018) The effects of application of exogenous iaa and ga3 on the physiological activities and quality of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) var. Singa 979. Pertanika J Trop Agric 41: 209-224.
[48]	Watanabe H, Honma K, Adachi Y, et al. (2018) Effects of combinational treatment with ethephon and gibberellic acid on rice seedling growth and carbohydrate mobilization in seeds under flooded conditions. Plant Prod Sci 21: 380-386.
[49]	Takahashi H, Greenway H, Matsumura H (2014) Rice alcohol dehydrogenase 1 promotes survival and has a major impact on carbohydrate metabolism in the embryo and endosperm when seeds are germinated in partially oxygenated water. Ann Bot 113: 851-859.
[50]	Varier A, Vari AK, Dadlani M (2010). The subcellular basis of seed priming. Curr Sci 99: 450- 456.
[51]	Soeda Y, Konings MC, Vorst O (2005) Gene expression programs during Brassica oleracea seed maturation, osmopriming, and germination are indicators of progression of the germination process and the stress tolerance level. Plant Physiol 137: 354-368.
[52]	Coolbear P, Slater RJ, Bryant JA (1990) Changes in nucleic acid levels associated with improved germination performance of tomato seeds after low temperature presowing treatment. Ann Bot 65: 187-195.
[53]	Hela M, Hanen Z, Imen T, et al. (2012) Combined effect of hormonal priming and salt treatments on germination percentage and antioxidant activities in lettuce seedlings. Afr J Biotechnol 11: 10373-10380.
[54]	Aftab T, Khan MMA, Idrees M, et al. (2010) Stimulation of crop productivity, photosynthesis and artemisinin production in Artemisia annua L. by triacontanol and gibberellic acid application. J Plant Int 5: 273-281.

Reader Comments

Your name:*

Email:*
© 2020 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)