Congenital tracheal defects: embryonic development and animal models

Zenab Arooj Sher; Karen J Liu; Zenab Arooj Sher; Karen J Liu

doi:10.3934/genet.2016.1.60

AIMS Genetics

2016, Volume 3, Issue 1: 60-73. doi: 10.3934/genet.2016.1.60

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Review

Congenital tracheal defects: embryonic development and animal models

Zenab Arooj Sher ,
Karen J Liu ^,

Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, Floor 27, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London, SE1 9RT

Received: 27 February 2016 Accepted: 29 March 2016 Published: 31 March 2016

Tracheal anomalies are potentially catastrophic congenital defects. As a newborn begins to breathe, the trachea needs to maintain an appropriate balance of elasticity and rigidity. If the tracheal cartilages are disorganized or structurally weak, the airways can collapse, obstructing breathing. Cartilage rings that are too small or too rigid can also obstruct breathing. These anomalies are frequently associated with craniofacial syndromes, and, despite the importance, are poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the spectrum of pathological phenotypes of the trachea and correlate them with the molecular events uncovered in mouse models.
- trachea,
- mouse models,
- human congenital anomaly,
- cartilage
Citation: Zenab Arooj Sher, Karen J Liu. Congenital tracheal defects: embryonic development and animal models[J]. AIMS Genetics, 2016, 3(1): 60-73. doi: 10.3934/genet.2016.1.60

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Abstract

Tracheal anomalies are potentially catastrophic congenital defects. As a newborn begins to breathe, the trachea needs to maintain an appropriate balance of elasticity and rigidity. If the tracheal cartilages are disorganized or structurally weak, the airways can collapse, obstructing breathing. Cartilage rings that are too small or too rigid can also obstruct breathing. These anomalies are frequently associated with craniofacial syndromes, and, despite the importance, are poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the spectrum of pathological phenotypes of the trachea and correlate them with the molecular events uncovered in mouse models.

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